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- eeeexxxxeeeecccc((((3333TTTTccccllll)))) eeeexxxxeeeecccc((((3333TTTTccccllll))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- exec - Invoke subprocess(es)
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- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- eeeexxxxeeeecccc ?_s_w_i_t_c_h_e_s? _a_r_g ?_a_r_g ...?
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- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- This command treats its arguments as the specification of one or more
- subprocesses to execute. The arguments take the form of a standard shell
- pipeline where each _a_r_g becomes one word of a command, and each distinct
- command becomes a subprocess.
-
- If the initial arguments to eeeexxxxeeeecccc start with ---- then they are treated as |
- command-line switches and are not part of the pipeline specification. |
- The following switches are currently supported:
-
- ----kkkkeeeeeeeeppppnnnneeeewwwwlllliiiinnnneeee Retains a trailing newline in the pipeline's output. |
- Normally a trailing newline will be deleted.
-
- -------- Marks the end of switches. The argument following this one |
- will be treated as the first _a_r_g even if it starts with a ----.
-
- If an _a_r_g (or pair of _a_r_g's) has one of the forms described below then it
- is used by eeeexxxxeeeecccc to control the flow of input and output among the
- subprocess(es). Such arguments will not be passed to the subprocess(es).
- In forms such as ``< _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e'' _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e may either be in a separate |
- argument from ``<'' or in the same argument with no intervening space |
- (i.e. ``<_f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e'').
-
- | Separates distinct commands in the pipeline. The standard
- output of the preceding command will be piped into the
- standard input of the next command.
-
- |& Separates distinct commands in the pipeline. Both
- standard output and standard error of the preceding
- command will be piped into the standard input of the next
- command. This form of redirection overrides forms such as
- 2> and >&.
-
- < _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e The file named by _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e is opened and used as the
- standard input for the first command in the pipeline.
-
- <@ _f_i_l_e_I_d _F_i_l_e_I_d must be the identifier for an open file, such as |
- the return value from a previous call to ooooppppeeeennnn. It is used|
- as the standard input for the first command in the |
- pipeline. _F_i_l_e_I_d must have been opened for reading.
-
- << _v_a_l_u_e _V_a_l_u_e is passed to the first command as its standard
- input.
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- eeeexxxxeeeecccc((((3333TTTTccccllll)))) eeeexxxxeeeecccc((((3333TTTTccccllll))))
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- > _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e Standard output from the last command is redirected to the
- file named _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e, overwriting its previous contents.
-
- 2> _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e Standard error from all commands in the pipeline is |
- redirected to the file named _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e, overwriting its |
- previous contents.
-
- >& _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e Both standard output from the last command and standard |
- error from all commands are redirected to the file named |
- _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e, overwriting its previous contents.
-
- >> _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e Standard output from the last command is redirected to the
- file named _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e, appending to it rather than
- overwriting it.
-
- 2>> _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e Standard error from all commands in the pipeline is |
- redirected to the file named _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e, appending to it |
- rather than overwriting it.
-
- >>& _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e Both standard output from the last command and standard |
- error from all commands are redirected to the file named |
- _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e, appending to it rather than overwriting it.
-
- >@ _f_i_l_e_I_d _F_i_l_e_I_d must be the identifier for an open file, such as |
- the return value from a previous call to ooooppppeeeennnn. Standard |
- output from the last command is redirected to _f_i_l_e_I_d's |
- file, which must have been opened for writing.
-
- 2>@ _f_i_l_e_I_d _F_i_l_e_I_d must be the identifier for an open file, such as |
- the return value from a previous call to ooooppppeeeennnn. Standard |
- error from all commands in the pipeline is redirected to |
- _f_i_l_e_I_d's file. The file must have been opened for |
- writing.
-
- >&@ _f_i_l_e_I_d _F_i_l_e_I_d must be the identifier for an open file, such as |
- the return value from a previous call to ooooppppeeeennnn. Both |
- standard output from the last command and standard error |
- from all commands are redirected to _f_i_l_e_I_d's file. The |
- file must have been opened for writing.
-
- If standard output has not been redirected then the eeeexxxxeeeecccc command returns
- the standard output from the last command in the pipeline. If any of the
- commands in the pipeline exit abnormally or are killed or suspended, then
- eeeexxxxeeeecccc will return an error and the error message will include the
- pipeline's output followed by error messages describing the abnormal
- terminations; the eeeerrrrrrrroooorrrrCCCCooooddddeeee variable will contain additional information
- about the last abnormal termination encountered. If any of the commands
- writes to its standard error file and that standard error isn't
- redirected, then eeeexxxxeeeecccc will return an error; the error message will
- include the pipeline's standard output, followed by messages about
- abnormal terminations (if any), followed by the standard error output.
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- eeeexxxxeeeecccc((((3333TTTTccccllll)))) eeeexxxxeeeecccc((((3333TTTTccccllll))))
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- If the last character of the result or error message is a newline then
- that character is normally deleted from the result or error message.
- This is consistent with other Tcl return values, which don't normally end
- with newlines. However, if ----kkkkeeeeeeeeppppnnnneeeewwwwlllliiiinnnneeee is specified then the trailing |
- newline is retained.
-
- If standard input isn't redirected with ``<'' or ``<<'' or ``<@'' then
- the standard input for the first command in the pipeline is taken from
- the application's current standard input.
-
- If the last _a_r_g is ``&'' then the pipeline will be executed in
- background. In this case the eeeexxxxeeeecccc command will return a list whose |
- elements are the process identifiers for all of the subprocesses in the |
- pipeline. The standard output from the last command in the pipeline will
- go to the application's standard output if it hasn't been redirected, and
- error output from all of the commands in the pipeline will go to the
- application's standard error file unless redirected.
-
- The first word in each command is taken as the command name; tilde-
- substitution is performed on it, and if the result contains no slashes
- then the directories in the PATH environment variable are searched for an
- executable by the given name. If the name contains a slash then it must
- refer to an executable reachable from the current directory. No ``glob''
- expansion or other shell-like substitutions are performed on the
- arguments to commands.
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- KKKKEEEEYYYYWWWWOOOORRRRDDDDSSSS
- execute, pipeline, redirection, subprocess
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